These are various websites coming from the federal government. they come from a variety of different agencies, but all contain business or economic data that may be of interest.
BEA The Bureau of Economic Analysis looks at business and economic trends. Of particular note are the articles written using specialized company level data which look at major issues relating to corporations.
CRS Reports These reports come from the Congressional Research Service, the reference library arm of of the Library of Congress. The CRS writes reports on almost every topic imaginable, with references to the appropriate governmental documents. These reports are thoroughly researched and well written, and are well worth a look for starting your research.
EDGAR Edgar is the system for searching and viewing the filings of corporations with the SEC. While not all corporate documents are filed, and certainly not all corporations must file, this is still an excellent source of primary data for researchers.
These resources come from the Federal Reserve Bank of St. louis. They track economic data to assist in making decisions. This data is freely available to the public, and contains many working papers, which could be of interest to corporations, or researchers
FRED, Federal Reserve Economic Data: This is the site for the current economic data and analyses of the Federal Reserve Bank.
ALFRED: Alfred is for older, archived data formerly found in FRED.